Blar i forfatter "Cooper, Elisabeth"

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    • Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems? 

      Lett, Signe; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala; Cooper, Elisabeth; Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine; Christiansen, Casper T.; During, Heinjo; Ekelund, Flemming; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Lang, Simone I.; Michelsen, Anders; Rousk, Kathrin; Alatalo, Juha M.; Betway, Katlyn R.; Busca, Sara; Callaghan, Terry; Carbognani, Michele; Cornelissen, Hans C.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Egelkraut, Dagmar; Elumeeva, Tatiana G.; Hollister, Robert D.; Jägerbrand, Annika K.; Keuper, Frida; Klanderud, Kari; Lévesque, Esther; Liu, Xin; May, Jeremy; Michel, Pascale; Mörsdorf, Martin; Petraglia, Alessandro; Rixen, Christian; Robroek, Bjorn J.M.; Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M.; Soudzilovskaia, Nadeja A.; Tolvanen, Anne; Vandvik, Vigdis; Volkov, Igor; Volkova, Irina; van Zuijlen, Kristel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)
      The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore ...

    • Comparison of methods for revegetation of vehicle tracks in High Arctic tundra on Svalbard. 

      Neby, Magne; Semenchuk, Philipp; Neby, Erica; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-03)
      Natural regeneration after anthropogenic disturbance is slow in the tundra biome, but assisted regeneration can help speed up this process. A tracked off-road vehicle damaged a High Arctic dwarf shrub heath in Svalbard in May 2009, drastically reducing the vegetation cover, soil seed banks, and incoming seed rain. We assisted regeneration the following year using six different revegetation treatments ...

    • Deepened snow enhances gross nitrogen cycling among Pan-Arctic tundra soils during both winter and summer 

      Xu, Wenyi; Prieme, Anders; Cooper, Elisabeth; Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons; Elberling, Bo; Semenchuk, Philipp; Grogan, Paul; Ambus, Per Lennart (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-10)
      Many Arctic regions currently experience an increase in winter snowfall as a result of climate change. Deepened snow can enhance thermal insulation of the underlying soil during winter, resulting in warmer soil temperatures that promote soil microbial nitrogen (N)-cycle processes and the availability of N and other nutrients. We conducted an <i>ex situ</i> study comparing the effects of deepened ...

    • Global maps of soil temperature 

      Lembrechts, Jonas J.; van den Hoogen, Johan; Aalto, Juha; Ashcroft, Michael B.; de Frenne, Pieter; Kemppinen, Julia; Kopecký, Martin; Luoto, Miska; Maclean, Ilya M. D.; Crowther, Thomas W.; Bailey, Joseph J.; Haesen, Stef; Klinges, David H.; Niittynen, Pekka; Scheffers, Brett R.; Van Meerbeek, Koenraad; Aartsma, Peter; Abdalaze, Otar; Abedi, Mehdi; Aerts, Rien; Ahmadian, Negar; Ahrends, Antje; Alatalo, Juha M.; Alexander, Jake M.; Allonsius, Camille Nina; Altman, Jan; Ammann, Christof; Andres, Christian; Andrews, Christopher; Ardö, Jonas; Arriga, Nicola; Arzac, Alberto; Aschero, Valeria; Leandro de Assis, Rafael; Barančok, Peter; Barrio, Isabel C; Barros, Agustina; Lenoir, Jonathan; Assmann, Jakob Johann; Bader, Maaike Y.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Basham, Edmund W.; Bauters, Marijn; Bazzichetto, Manuele; Marchesini, Luca Belelli; Bell, Michael C.; Benavides, Juan C.; Alonso, José Luis Benito; Berauer, Bernd J.; Bjerke, Jarle W.; Björk, Robert G.; Björkman, Mats P.; Björnsdóttir, Katrin; Blonder, Benjamin; Boeckx, Pascal; Boike, Julia; Bokhorst, Stef; Brum, Bárbara N.S.; Brůna, Josef; Buchmann, Nina; Buysse, Pauline; Camargo, José Luís; Campoe, Otávio C.; Candan, Onur; Canessa, Rafaella; Cannone, Nicoletta; Carbognani, Michele; Carnicer, Jofre; Casanova-Katny, Angélica; Cesarz, Simone; Chojnicki, Bogdan; Choler, Philippe; Chown, Steven L.; Cifuentes, Edgar F.; Čiliak, Marek; Contador, Tamara; Convey, Peter; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-29)
      Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic ...

    • Habitat determines plant community responses to climate change in the High Arctic 

      Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-12)
      Plant climate responses may depend on site-specific environmental context. Using fences and open-top chambers, we enhanced snow depth (creating Ambient, Medium, and Deep regimes) over an 11-year period and increased temperatures for two summers in dry heath and mesic meadow habitats on Svalbard, Norway. Comparison of plant growth form abundance and diversity responses in these two habitats showed ...

    • Increased snow and cold season temperatures alter High Arctic parasitic fungi – host plant interactions 

      Moriana Armendariz, Mikel; Abbandonato, Holly; Yamaguchi, Takahiro; Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons; Aares, Karoline; Semenchuk, Philipp; Tojo, Motoaki; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-07)
      In the Arctic, fungal mycelial growth takes place mainly during the cold season and beginning of growing season. Climate change induced increases of cold season temperatures may, hence, benefit fungal growth and increase their abundance. This is of particular importance for parasitic fungi, which may significantly shape Arctic vegetation composition. Here, we studied two contrasting plant parasitic ...

    • Onset of autumn senescence in High Arctic plants shows similar patterns in natural and experimental snow depth gradients 

      Gehrmann, Friederike; Ziegler, Camille; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)
      Predicted changes in snow cover and temperature raise uncertainties about how the beginning and the end of the growing season will shift for Arctic plants. Snowmelt timing and temperature are known to affect the timing of bud burst, but their effects on autumn senescence are less clear. To address this, researchers have examined senescence under natural and experimental environmental gradients. ...

    • A review of open top chamber (OTC) performance across the ITEX Network 

      Hollister, Robert D.; Elphinstone, Cassandra; Henry, Greg H.R.; Bjorkman, Anne D.; Klanderud, Kari; Björk, Robert G.; Björkman, Mats P.; Bokhorst, Stef; Carbognani, Michele; Cooper, Elisabeth; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Fetcher, Ned; Gallois, Elise C.; Gudmundsson, Jon Steinar; Healey, Nathan C.; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala; Klarenberg, Ingeborg J.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Macek, Petr; May, Jeremy L.; Mereghetti, Alessandro; Molau, Ulf; Petraglia, Alessandro; Rinnan, Riikka; Rixen, Christian; Wookey, Philip A. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-19)
      Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) network in the early 1990’s. Since then, OTCs have been deployed across the globe. Hundreds of papers have reported the impacts of OTCs on the abiotic environment and the biota. Here we review the impacts of the OTC on the physical environment, with comments on the appropriateness ...

    • The seasonal dynamics of a High Arctic plant–visitor network: temporal observations and responses to delayed snow melt 

      Gillespie, Mark Andrew; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-19)
      Plant–visitor food webs provide important insights into species interactions, and more information about their seasonal dynamics is vital to understanding the resilience of species to external pressures. Studies of Arctic networks can also improve our understanding of species responses to the pressures of climate change. This study provides the first description of a plant – insect visitor network ...

    • Towards a Jōmon food database: construction, analysis and implications for Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan 

      Komatsu, Aya; Cooper, Elisabeth; Alsos, Inger Greve; Brown, Antony (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-06-27)
      One of the most entrenched binary oppositions in archaeology and anthropology has been the agriculturalist vs hunter-gatherer-fisher dichotomy fuelling a debate that this paper tackles from the bottom-up by seeking to reconstruct full past diets. The Japanese prehistoric Jōmon cultures survived without fully-developed agriculture for more than 10,000 years. Here we compile a comprehensive, holistic ...

    • The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change 

      Prevéy, Janet; Elmendorf, Sarah; Cooper, Elisabeth; Bjorkman, Anne; Alatalo, Juha M.; Ashton, Isabel; Björk, Mats P.; Assmann, Jakob J.; Björk, Robert G.; Björkman, Mats P.; Cannone, Nicoletta; Carbognani, Michele; Chisholm, Chelsea; Clark, Karin; Collins, Courtney G.; Elberling, Bo; Frei, Esther R.; Henry, Gregory R.H.; Hollister, Robert D.; Høye, Toke Thomas; Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg Svala; Kerby, Jeffrey T.; Klanderud, Kari; Kopp, Christopher; Levesque, Esther; Mauritz, Marguerite; Molau, Ulf; Myers-smith, Isla H.; Natali, Susan M.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Panchen, Zoe; Petraglia, Alessandro; Post, Eric; Rixen, Christian; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Schuur, Ted; Semenchuk, Philipp; Smith, Jane Griffin; Suding, Katharine; Totland, Ørjan; Troxler, Tiffany; Wahren, Henrik; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Wipf, Sonja; Yang, Yue (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-11)
      Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of ...